The Role of the Lymphatic System in Breastfeeding

In fact, breastfeeding is the result of the coordinated functioning of several complex physiological systems in the mother’s body. These include hormonal, vascular, and lymphatic systems. The lymphatic system maintains fluid balance in the mammary glands, prevents inflammation, and ensures immune protection. Lymphatic vessels located within the mammary glands prevent tissue congestion. This facilitates the normal and continuous flow of milk.

During the postpartum period, hormonal changes influence the intensity of lymphatic flow. Impairment of lymph circulation or disruption of lymphatic drainage may lead to conditions such as milk stasis, edema, and mastitis. Therefore, the normal functioning of the lymphatic system is considered a crucial component of the physiology of breastfeeding.

The lymphatic system of the mammary gland also plays a key role in disease prevention. Through lymphatic vessels, toxins and excess fluid within the mammary gland are removed from the body. Additionally, immune responses are formed via the lymph nodes.

Damage to this system or disruption of lymphatic flow may even lead to oncological pathologies. Research indicates that the healthy functioning of lymphatic pathways ensures the structural integrity of the mammary glands. It also supports the continuity of the breastfeeding process.

Anatomical studies conducted in recent years have also confirmed these physiological characteristics. For example, a large-scale study carried out by Suami and colleagues in 2008 demonstrated that the lymphatic system of the mammary gland is more complex and multifaceted than previously assumed.

It does not consist of a single, unidirectional pathway. Instead, it includes several distinct drainage routes, some of which pass through the breast tissue and reach the axillary lymph nodes. The study also found that a very dense network of lymphatic capillaries is present beneath the nipple and areola.

High lymphatic circulation in this region may be considered an important mechanism for preventing minor inflammatory processes during breastfeeding. It promotes faster healing of fissures and ensures sustained milk flow. Furthermore, the research by Suami and colleagues revealed that lymphatic drainage in the breast is not identical in all women.

That is, lymphatic vessels may drain not into a single site but into several different lymph nodes. This indicates that lymphatic flow during breastfeeding varies across different regions of the breast. For this reason, in some women, blockage is more frequently observed in specific areas of the breast.

What should a mother do to maintain lymphatic flow?

• To prevent edema and stasis in the mammary glands, breastfeeding or milk expression should be performed in a timely and adequate manner. This facilitates the functioning of the lymphatic vessels.
• After breastfeeding or during the day, gently massaging the breast to promote light lymphatic drainage is beneficial.
• Tight and restrictive bras, as well as clothing that may compress the mammary glands, should be avoided. Such pressure can disrupt lymphatic flow.
• Adequate movement and light physical activity are beneficial for the mother. Walking and movements that mobilize the arms and shoulder girdle help stimulate lymphatic circulation.
• Attention to sleep and rest patterns is also essential, as stress and fatigue may impair the functioning of the lymphatic system.
• If breast swelling, pain, redness, or difficulty with milk flow occurs, it is necessary to contact a breastfeeding consultant without delay. Early intervention should be initiated promptly.

Author: Hajar Piriyeva

Breastfeeding Counsellor